For The Reaction Of Nitrogen Gas And Hydrogen Gas To Make Methane, Describe FOUR Stresses That Would (2024)

Answer:

Ge: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 => 6 electrons in the outer shell

Br: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 => 7 electrons in the outer shell

Kr: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 => 8 electrons in the outer shell

Explanation:

The electron affinity or propension to attract electrons is given by the electronic configuration. Remember that the most stable configuration is that were the last shell is full, i.e. it has 8 electrons.

The closer an atom is to reach the 8 electrons in the outer shell the bigger the electron affinity.

Of the three elements, Br needs only 1 electron to have 8 electrons in the outer shell, so it has the biggest electron affinity (the least negative).

Ge: needs 2 electrons to have 8 electrons in the outer shell, so it has a smaller (more negative) electron affinity than Br.

Kr, which is a noble gas, has 8 electrons and is not willing to attract more electrons at all, the it has the lowest (more negative) electron affinity of all three to the extension that really the ion is so unstable that it does not make sense to talk about a number for the electron affinity of this atom.

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Answer:

0.0480 M

Explanation:

The reaction is ...

H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH ⇒ Na₂SO₄ +2H₂O

That is, 2 moles of NaOH react with each mole of H₂SO₄. Then the molarity of the H₂SO₄ is ...

moles/liter = (0.186 M/2)(12.9 mL)/(25.0 mL) ≈ 0.0480 M

Answer:

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) can be used to analyze chemical reactions. During this reaction monitoring, a typical TLC plate would have three spots: the reactant lane, the reaction mixture lane, and a "co-spot" where reaction product would be spotted directly on top of reactant.

The co-spot serves as a reference point and is vital for reactions where reactant and product have similar Rfs, and many other variations of eluent tracking.

To indicate completion of the reaction, the disappearance of a spot (usually the starting reactant) is observed.

Answer:

calcium chloride dihydrate

Answer:

Heat is thermal energy that flows, and thermal energy is the part of internal energy that can be transferred

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]m_{solution}=470g[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, a solution is formed when a solute is completely dissolved in a solvent, thus, for this situation, the sugar is the solute and the water the solvent but in addition to them we find spices which are also considered in the total mass of the solution. In such a way, for computing the total mass we must add the mass of three constituents (115 g sugar, 350 g water and 5 g spices) as shown below:

[tex]m_{solution}=115g+350g+5g\\\\m_{solution}=470g[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

The answer is Neutralization reaction

It occurs when an acid and a base are present in the same solution and react to form salt and water only

Hope this helps you

Answer:

[tex]T_2=453.05K[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the temperature-variable Arrhenius equation is written as:

[tex]\frac{k(T_2)}{k(T_1)}=exp(\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1} ))[/tex]

Now, for us to solve for the temperature by which the reaction rate constant is 0.0760M/s we proceed as shown below:

[tex]ln(\frac{k(T_2)}{k(T_1)})=\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1} )\\ln(\frac{0.0760M/s}{0.00000291M/s} )=\frac{183000J/mol}{8.314J/(mol*K)} *(\frac{1}{T_2} -\frac{1}{573K} )\\\frac{1}{T_2} -\frac{1}{573K} =\frac{10.17}{22011.06K^{-1}} \\\\\frac{1}{T_2}=4.62x10^{-4}K^{-1}+\frac{1}{573K}\\\\\frac{1}{T_2}=2.21x10^{-3}K^{-1}\\\\T_2=453.05K[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

a change in temperature would be observed(ΔH is -ve)

Explanation:

Hydrochloric acid react with sodium hydroxide to give salt(sodium chloride) and water

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) =====> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

There would be no notable change since sodium chloride dissolved in water but there would be a change in temperature.

Since neutralization is exothermic(heat is evolved), therefore ΔH is negative

Answer:

3-Pentyn-1-ol

Explanation:

tripple bond is at 3 postion from alochol

carbon are 5 atoms so pent

yn becauese its alkyne

Answer:

pH = 7.0

Explanation:

When HCl reacts with NaOH, H₂O and NaCl are produced, thus:

HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl

At equivalence point, all HCl reacts with NaOH. The only you will have is water.

Equilbrium of water is:

H₂O(l) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)

K = 1x10⁻¹⁴ = [H⁺] [OH⁻]

As H⁺ = OH⁻ because both are produced from the same water-

1x10⁻¹⁴ = [H⁺]²

1x10⁻⁷M = [H⁺]

As pH = -log= [H⁺]

pH = 7.0

-The pH at equivalence point in the titration of a strong acid with a strong base is always 7.0-

Answer:

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51. 4 kJ/mol

However, since Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] is negative. The hydrolysis of ATP for this reaction is said to be spontaneous

Explanation:

From the question; The equation for this reaction can be represented as :

[tex]ATP_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} \to ADP_{(aq)}+ HPO_4^{2-}} _{(aq)}[/tex]

where:

[tex]\Delta G ^0 _{rxn} =[/tex]-30.5 kJ/mol

= -30.5 kJ/mol × 1000 J/ 1 kJ

= -30.5 × 10 ⁻³ J/mol

Temperature T = 37 ° C

= (37+273)

= 310 K

pH = 7.0

[ATP] = 5.0 mM

= 5.0mM × 1M/1000mM

= 0.005 M

[ADP] = 0.30 mM

= 0.30 mM × 1M/1000mM

= 0.0003 M

[tex][HPO_4^{2-}}][/tex] = 5.0 mM

= 5.0mM × 1M/1000mM

= 0.005 M

The objective is to calculate the value for Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] in the biological cell and to determine if the hydrolysis of ATP is spontaneous under these conditions.

Now;

From the equation given; the equilibrium constant [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] can be expressed as:

[tex]K_{eq} = \dfrac{[ADP][ HPO_4^{2-}]} {[ATP]}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq} = \dfrac{(0.0003 \ M)(0.005 \ M)} {(0.005 \ M)}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq} = 3*10^{-4}[/tex]

The Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] in the biological cell can now be calculated as:

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = [tex](-30.5 * 10 ^3 \ J/mol) + (8.314 \ J/mol.K)(310 K ) In ( 3*10^{-4})[/tex]

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = [tex](-30.5 * 10 ^3 \ J/mol) + (-20906.68126)[/tex]

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51406.68 J/mol

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51. 4 × 10³ J/mol

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51. 4 kJ/mol

Thus since Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] is negative. The hydrolysis for this reaction is said to be spontaneous

Answer:

Volume of NaOH, aka V2 = 6.32 mL to 3 sig. fig.

A chemistry student weighs out 0.0941 g of hypochlorous acid (HClo) into a 250. ml. volumetric flask and dilutes to the mark with distilled water. He plans to titrate the acid with 0.2000 M NaOH solution. Calculate the volume of NaOH solution the student will need to add to reach the equivalence point. Round your answer to 3 significant digits mL.

Explanation:

1 mole HClO = 74.44g

0.0941g = [tex]\frac{0.0941}{74.44}[/tex] = 0.00126 moles

Concentration = no. of moles/volume in L

Hence, Concentration of HClO = 0.00126/ 0.250L

= 0.005M.

C1V1 =C2V2

0.005 × 250 mL = 0.2 × V2

Volume of NaOH, aka V2 = 6.32 mL to 3 sig. fig.

Answer:

Constant-volume molar heat capacity of argon is 12.47 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹

Explanation:

Argon is a monoatomic gas that behaves as an ideal gas at 298K.

Using the first law of thermodinamics you can obtain:

Work, Q, for constant pressure molar heat capacity,CP:

CP = (5/2)R

For constant-volume molar heat capacity,CV:

CV = (3/2)R

That means:

2CP/5 = 2CV/3

3/5 = CV / CP

As CP of Argon is 20.79 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹, CV will be:

3/5 = CV / CP

3/5 = CV / 20.79 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹

12.47 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹ = CV

Constant-volume molar heat capacity of argon is 12.47 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹

Answer:

e) 4-bromo-3,8-dimethylbicyclo[5.2.0]nonane

Explanation:

The missing image of the the compound we are to name is attached below.

Before we can name an organic compound; It is crucial we know the guiding rules in naming them.

1. Select the longest continuous carbon chain as the root hydrocarbon and name according to the number of carbon atoms it contains, adding appropriate suffix to indicate the principal substituent group.

2. Number the carbon atoms in the root hydrocarbon from the end which gives the lowest number to the substituents.

3. If the same substituent is present two or more times in a molecule; the number of this substituent is indicated by the prefix di -(2), tri - (3) , tetra - (4) etc attached to the substituent name.

4. If there is more than one type of substituent in the molecule ; the substituents are named according to the alphabetical order but where there are mixed substituents ; the inorganic are named first.

5. In selecting and numbering the longest continuous chain, the functional groups are given preference over substituents., i.e the functional group is given the smallest possible number.

In the light of the above guiding rules; we were able to name the given compound because the compound contains nine carbons in the ring form which result to root name nonane. The two methyl are on the third and eight carbon; bromine is on the fourth carbon ; there are two cyclic ring present in the compound where we have 5 carbons in one structure, another 2 carbons in the second structure and zero carbon in the bridge structure which eventually result to the correct name:

4-bromo-3,8-dimethylbicyclo[5.2.0]nonane

Answer: Thus 234 kJ of energy are required to produce 1.00 kilogram of iron metal

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles , we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Moles of solute}=\frac{\text{given mass}}{\text{Molar Mass}}[/tex]

Putting values , we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of iron}=\frac{1000g}{56g/mol}=17.8moles[/tex] (1.00kg=1000g)

The balanced chemical reaction is:

[tex]Fe_2O_3(s)+2CO(g)\rightarrow 2Fe(s)+3CO_2(g)[/tex] [tex]\Delta H=+26.3kJ[/tex]

Given :

Energy released when 2 moles of [tex]Fe[/tex] is produced = 26.3 kJ

Thus Energy released when 17.8 moles of [tex]Fe[/tex] is produced =

= [tex]\frac{26.3kJ}{2}\times 17.8=234kJ[/tex]

Thus 234 kJ of energy are required to produce 1.00 kilogram of iron metal

Answer:

Explanation:

1 ) Cl₂ + ZnBr₂ = ZnCl₂ + Br₂

In this reaction , oxidation number of Cl decreases from 0 to -1 so it is reduced and oxidation number of Br increases from -1 to 0 so it is oxidised . Hence this reaction is oxidation - reduction reaction .

2 )

Pb( ClO₄)₂ + 2KI = PbI₂ + 2KClO₄

In this reaction oxidation number of none is changing so it is not an oxidation - reduction reaction.

3 )

CaCO₃ = CaO + CO₂

In this reaction also oxidation number of none is changing so it is not an oxidation - reduction reaction.

So only first reaction is oxidation - reduction reaction.

2nd option is correct.

Answer:

Coals

Explanation:

The land feature that supports the theory of continental drift is ; ( C ) coal fields

Continental drift is the gradual shift in position of the earth tectonic plates ( i.e. gradual shift in the continents in relation to ocean basins) and this due to the heat from the earths' mantle.

Coal fields supports this theory because the it is an area where coal is found in large quantities and mined for commercial purposes. coal fields areas are found as a result of continental drift.

Hence we can conclude that the land feature that supports the theory of continental drift is coal fields

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Answer:

pH ≅ 4.80

Explanation:

Given that:

the volume of HN₃ = 25 mL = 0.025 L

Molarity of HN₃ = 0.150 M

number of moles of HN₃ = 0.025 × 0.150

number of moles of HN₃ = 0.00375 mol

Molarity of NaOH = 0.150 M

the volume of NaOH = 13.3 mL = 0.0133

number of moles of NaOH = 0.0133× 0.150

number of moles of NaOH = 0.001995 mol

The chemical equation for the reaction of this process can be written as:

[tex]HN_3 + OH- ---> N^-_{3} + H_2O[/tex]

1 mole of hydrazoic acid react with 1 mole of hydroxide to give nitride ion and water

thus the new number of moles of HN₃ = 0.00375 - 0.001995 = 0.001755 mol

Total volume used in the reaction = 0.025 + 0.0133 = 0.0383 L

Concentration of [tex]HN_3[/tex] = [tex]\dfrac{0.001755}{0.0383}[/tex] = 0.0458 M

Concentration of [tex]N^{-}_3[/tex] = [tex]\dfrac{ 0.001995 }{0.0383}[/tex] = 0.0521 M

GIven that :

Ka = [tex]1.9 x 10^{-5}[/tex]

Thus; it's pKa = 4.72

[tex]pH =4.72 + log(\dfrac{ \ 0.0521}{0.0458})[/tex]

[tex]pH =4.72 + log(1.1376)[/tex]

[tex]pH =4.72 + 0.05598[/tex]

[tex]pH =4.77598[/tex]

pH ≅ 4.80

The pH of the solution 0.150 M hydrazoic acid after 13.3 mL of NaOH base is added is 4.80.

How we calculate the pH?

pH of the given solution will be used by using the following equation:

pH = pKa + log[conjugate base] / [weak acid]

Given chemical reaction will be represented as:

HN₃ + OH⁻ → N₃⁻ + H₂O

Moles will be calculated as:

n = M×V, where

M = molarity

V = volume

Moles of 0.150 M hydrazoic acid = (0.150M)(0.025L) = 0.00375 mol

Moles of 0.150 M NaOH = (0.0133)(0.150) = 0.001995 mol

From the above calculation it is clear that moles of hydrazoic acid is present in excess and it will be:

0.00375 - 0.001995 = 0.001755 mol

And 0.001995 mol of N₃⁻ is preduced by the reaction.

Total volume of the solution = 0.025 + 0.0133 = 0.0383 L

To calculate the pH after titration, first we have to calculate the concentration in terms of molarity of N₃⁻ and HN₃ as:

[N₃⁻] = 0.001995 mol / 0.0383 L = 0.0521 M

[HN₃] = 0.001755 mol / 0.0383 L = 0.0458 M

Ka for HN₃ = 1.9 × 10⁻⁵

pKa = -log( 1.9 × 10⁻⁵ ) = 4.72

On putting all these values on the above equation, we get

pH = 4.72 + log (0.0521) / (0.0458)

pH = 4.80

Hence, pH of the solution is 4.80.

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Answer:

H⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₃O⁺(aq)

Explanation:

According to Brönsted-Lowry acid-base theory, an acid is a substance that donates H⁺. Let's consider the molecular equation showing that benzoic acid is a Brönsted-Lowry acid.

C₆H₅COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and molecular species.

C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the molecular species.

H⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₃O⁺(aq)

I found this image on google and confirmed it with 2 other sources so this is correct.

Please let me know if you have more to your question and rate this a brainlist if it’s possible, thanks.

Explanation:

It is given that,

The electron in a hydrogen atom, originally in level n = 8, undergoes a transition to a lower level by emitting a photon of wavelength 3745 nm. It means that,

[tex]n_i=8[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=3745\ nm[/tex]

The amount of energy change during the transition is given by :

[tex]\Delta E=R_H[\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}-\dfrac{1}{n_i^2}][/tex]

And

[tex]\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}=R_H[\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}-\dfrac{1}{n_i^2}][/tex]

Plugging all the values we get :

[tex]\dfrac{6.63\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{3745\times 10^{-9}}=2.179\times 10^{-18}[\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}-\dfrac{1}{8^2}]\\\\\dfrac{5.31\times 10^{-20}}{2.179\times 10^{-18}}=[\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}-\dfrac{1}{8^2}]\\\\0.0243=[\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}-\dfrac{1}{64}]\\\\0.0243+\dfrac{1}{64}=\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}\\\\0.039925=\dfrac{1}{n_f^2}\\\\n_f^2=25\\\\n_f=5[/tex]

So, the final level of the electron is 5.

Answer:

please look at the picture below.

Explanation:

Answer:

The main competing reaction when a primary alkyl halide is treated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide is SN2 substitution.

Explanation:

The relative percentage of products of the reaction between an alkyl halide and alcoholic potassium hydroxide generally depends on the structure of the primary alkylhalide. The attacking nucleophile/base in this reaction is the alkoxide ion. Substitution by SN2 mechanism is a major competing reaction in the elimination reaction intended.

A more branched alkyl halide will yield an alkene product due to steric hindrance, similarly, a good nucleophile such as the alkoxide ion may favour SN2 substitution over the intended elimination (E2) reaction.

Both SN2 and E2 are concerted reaction mechanisms. They do not depend on the formation of a carbocation intermediate. Primary alkyl halides generally experience less steric hindrance in the transition state and do not form stable carbocations hence they cannot undergo E1 or SN1 reactions.

SN2 substitution cannot occur in a tertiary alkyl halides because the stability of tertiary carbocations favours the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The formation of this carbocation intermediate will lead to an SN1 or E1 mechanism. SN2 reactions is never observed for a tertiary alkyl halide due to steric crowding of the transition state. Also, with strong bases such as the alkoxide ion, elimination becomes the main reaction of tertiary alkyl halides.

Answer:

To the left.

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced reaction at equilibrium

2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇄ 2 SO₃(g)

Step 2: Calculate the reaction quotient (Qc)

Qc = [SO₃]² / [SO₂]² × [O₂]

Qc = 0.254² / 0.500² × 0.00855

Qc = 30.2

Step 3: Determine in which direction will proceed the system

Since Qc > Kc, the system will shift to the left to attain the equilibrium.

Answer:

A.Electrolysis

Explanation:

A.Electrolysis

For example, electrolysis of solution of NaCl in water gives H2 and O2.

The sand that grained will be quickly chemically weathered away should be option b. ferromagnesian silicate minerals.

What are ferromagnesian silicate minerals?

It should be considered as the Silicate minerals where cations of iron and the form of magnesium should be important for the chemical components. It is used for covering up the minerals. Also, calcite should be normal weather via the solution process so it required a lot of water that contains a high amount of carbonic acid.

Hence, the correct option is b.

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Answer:

remain the same

Explanation:

The pH of the buffer system remain the same when 0.030 moles of strong acid are added because buffer system has the property to resist any change in the pH when acid or base is added to the solution. In buffer system, one molecule is responsible for neutralizing the pH of the solution by giving H+ or OH-.This molecule is known as buffer agent. If more base is added, the molecule provide H+ and when more acid is added to the solution, then the molecule add OH- to the solution.

Answer:

[tex]Fe_2O_3+3CO\Rightarrow \:2Fe+3CO_2[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]Fe_2O_3+CO\Rightarrow \:2Fe+CO_2\\\\Fe_2O_3+3CO\Rightarrow \:2Fe+3CO_2[/tex]

Best Regards!

Answer:

CaF2 + CO3- ----> CaCO3 + 2 F-

Explanation:

The chemical compounds found on the left side of the date are the reagents and those found on the right are the products, where calcium carbonate appears.

Calcium carbonate is a quaternary salt